10 Best Places to Visit in Switzerland - Travel Video (Kan 2024)
Lausanne, hovedstaden i kanton Vaud, vest i Sveits, på den nordlige bredden av Genfersjøen (Lac Léman); bygget på de sørlige skråningene av Jorat-høydene, varierer høyden fra 378 m ved Ouchy, innsjøen, til 222 m ved Le Signal, som er det høyeste punktet. To korte bekker, Flon og Louve, som tidligere strømmet gjennom sentrum av byen, er blitt fylt ut, og etterlater mange depresjoner; som et resultat har Lausanne et kupert utseende, bygget på mange tilkoblingsnivåer.
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Verdensbyer
Hva er den største byen i Tyrkia?
Det gamle keltiske Lausonium, eller Lausonna, var opprinnelig på bredden av innsjøen sørvest for den nåværende byen. Under invasjonen av Alemanni (ca. 379) søkte innbyggerne tilflukt i åsene ovenfor og bygde et bebyggelse på stedet for det nåværende Cité-distriktet. I 590 etablerte biskop Marius av Aventicum (nå Avenches) sitt bispedømme der. Oppgjøret ble til slutt sammen med den burgundiske bosetningen Bourg over Flon og med en koloni rundt kirken Saint-Laurent i vest. Biskopene, fyrster av Det hellige romerske rike fra 1100-tallet, beholdt sine store tidsmakter inntil 1536, da Lausanne, med resten av Pays de Vaud, ble erobret av Berneren, som introduserte den protestantiske reformasjonen. Bernese okkupasjonen varte til 1798,og Lausanne ble hovedstad i det nye Vaud-kantonet av Napoleons Helvetic Republic i 1803.
Two major international treaties were signed at Lausanne: between Italy and Turkey in 1912 and between Turkey and the Allies of World War I in 1923. In 1932 a conference was held in Lausanne to liquidate reparations payments by Germany to the Allied powers. In 1964 it was the site of the Swiss National Exhibition, held every 25 years in a different Swiss city.
Historic buildings include the early Gothic Cathedral of Notre-Dame, consecrated in 1275 by Pope Gregory X in the presence of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg; the Saint-François Church, erected during the same period but partly rebuilt in the late 14th century; and the city hall (rebuilt 1674). The castle, now housing the Historical Museum of the Ancient Bishopric, is the only vestige of the 13th-century residences of the bishops. The Château Saint-Maire (1397–1431), the former bishop’s castle, is now the seat of the cantonal government. More recent landmarks are the Palais de Rumine (1903), the principal building of the university, which also houses the cantonal museums, and the federal court of justice (1927), seat of the Swiss Supreme Court.
Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural centre of French Switzerland. Its university (1891) originated as a theological academy in 1537. The city was the birthplace of the noted Swiss literary figures Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, Alexandre Vinet, Juste Olivier, and Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz and of the philosopher Charles Secrétan. Many famous European men of letters, including Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, and Edward Gibbon, resided there.
The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee are at Lausanne, and an Olympic Museum, surrounded by a public park, opened in 1993. Lausanne is also the site of the Federal Polytechnic Institute (founded 1853, present status 1969) and of the annual national fair Comptoir Suisse.
A junction for railway lines from Geneva, Fribourg, Bern, and Vallorbe (for Paris), Lausanne gained greatly in commercial importance when the opening of the Simplon Tunnel in 1906 placed it on the great international route from Paris to Milan. Principal industries include the manufacture of machinery, precision instruments, and metal products, along with printing and food processing. The city is also an important tourist and convention centre. Pop. (2007 est.) city, 118,049; urban agglom., 313,074.
